Homebrew (macOS)
安裝 Homebrew:
# 安裝 Homebrew
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
# 設定環境變數 (Apple Silicon Mac)
echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc
# 設定環境變數 (Intel Mac)
echo 'eval "$(/usr/local/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc
常用指令:
# 安裝套件
brew install git
brew install node
brew install docker
brew install hugo
# 安裝 GUI 應用程式
brew install --cask visual-studio-code
brew install --cask docker
brew install --cask google-chrome
# 更新套件
brew update # 更新 Homebrew 本身
brew upgrade # 更新所有套件
brew upgrade git # 更新特定套件
# 搜尋套件
brew search nginx
brew search --cask chrome
# 查看已安裝套件
brew list
brew list --cask
# 移除套件
brew uninstall git
brew uninstall --cask docker
# 清理舊版本
brew cleanup
brew cleanup git
# 查看套件資訊
brew info git
brew deps git # 查看相依性
APT (Ubuntu/Debian)
更新套件清單:
# 更新套件清單
sudo apt update
# 升級所有套件
sudo apt upgrade
# 升級系統 (包含核心)
sudo apt full-upgrade
# 更新並升級 (一次完成)
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安裝套件:
# 安裝單一套件
sudo apt install git
sudo apt install nginx
sudo apt install docker.io
# 安裝多個套件
sudo apt install git curl wget vim
# 安裝特定版本
sudo apt install nginx=1.18.0-0ubuntu1
# 從 .deb 檔案安裝
sudo dpkg -i package.deb
sudo apt install -f # 修復相依性問題
移除套件:
# 移除套件 (保留設定檔)
sudo apt remove nginx
# 完全移除套件 (包含設定檔)
sudo apt purge nginx
# 移除不需要的相依套件
sudo apt autoremove
# 移除並清理
sudo apt remove nginx && sudo apt autoremove
搜尋與查詢:
# 搜尋套件
apt search nginx
apt search "web server"
# 查看套件資訊
apt show nginx
apt info docker.io
# 查看已安裝套件
apt list --installed
apt list --installed | grep nginx
# 查看可升級套件
apt list --upgradable
# 查看套件相依性
apt depends nginx
apt rdepends nginx # 反向相依性
清理系統:
# 清理下載的套件檔案
sudo apt clean
# 清理部分快取
sudo apt autoclean
# 修復損壞的套件
sudo apt install -f
# 重新設定套件
sudo dpkg-reconfigure package-name
YUM/DNF (CentOS/RHEL/Fedora)
DNF (Fedora):
# 更新套件清單
sudo dnf check-update
# 升級所有套件
sudo dnf upgrade
# 安裝套件
sudo dnf install git
sudo dnf install nginx
# 移除套件
sudo dnf remove nginx
# 搜尋套件
dnf search nginx
# 查看套件資訊
dnf info nginx
# 查看已安裝套件
dnf list installed
# 清理快取
sudo dnf clean all
YUM (CentOS 7):
# 更新套件
sudo yum update
# 安裝套件
sudo yum install git
sudo yum install epel-release # EPEL 倉庫
# 移除套件
sudo yum remove nginx
# 搜尋套件
yum search nginx
# 查看套件資訊
yum info nginx
# 查看已安裝套件
yum list installed
# 清理快取
sudo yum clean all
Snap (Universal Packages)
# 安裝 snapd (如果尚未安裝)
sudo apt install snapd
# 安裝 snap 套件
sudo snap install code --classic
sudo snap install docker
sudo snap install hugo
# 查看已安裝的 snap
snap list
# 更新 snap 套件
sudo snap refresh
sudo snap refresh code
# 移除 snap 套件
sudo snap remove code
# 搜尋 snap 套件
snap find "text editor"
# 查看 snap 資訊
snap info code
# 查看 snap 版本
snap version
常用開發工具快速安裝
Node.js 與 npm:
# Ubuntu/Debian
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_18.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
# macOS
brew install node
# 驗證安裝
node --version
npm --version
Docker:
# Ubuntu
sudo apt update
sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
sudo apt update
sudo apt install docker-ce
# macOS
brew install --cask docker
# 啟動 Docker 服務
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl enable docker
# 將使用者加入 docker 群組
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
Git:
# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt install git
# macOS
brew install git
# 設定 Git
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "your.email@example.com"
Hugo:
# Ubuntu (從 GitHub 下載)
wget https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/releases/download/v0.148.1/hugo_extended_0.148.1_linux-amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i hugo_extended_0.148.1_linux-amd64.deb
# macOS
brew install hugo
# 驗證安裝
hugo version